The effect of the emergency shift to virtual instruction on student team dynamics

In spite of the sudden onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many instructors who used team-based pedagogies shifted them online rather than suspending them entirely, but with limited time and resources. To examine the difference in team dynamics and outcomes for courses in Spring 2019 and Spring 2020 of over 1500 first-year engineering students per semester, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and random forests method were used. Results show that students reported less improvement in team-member effectiveness, lower psychological safety, and less satisfaction in the semester with the emergency transition. However, students also reported lower conflict. The most important factor predicting project grades shifted from 'Interacting with teammates' to 'Having relevant knowledge, skills, and abilities' amid the emergency shift, accompanied by a reduction in team interdependence. In spite of the collection of data during an emergency transition, the foundation of face-to-face interaction before moving to virtual cooperation represents a useful contribution to research that has focused exclusively on virtual learning circumstances.

How Trust in Authority and Trust in Networks Relates to Verification and Sharing Behaviours: COVID-19 Health Information Sharing on WhatsApp

Messaging platforms like WhatsApp are some of the largest contributors to the spread of Covid-19 health misinformation but they also play a critical role in disseminating credible information and reaching populations at scale. This study explores the relationships between verification behaviours and intention to share information to users that report high trust in their personal network and users that report high trust in authoritative sources. The study was conducted as a survey delivered through WhatsApp to users of the WHO HealthAlert chatbot service. An adapted theoretical model from news verification behaviours was used to determine the correlation between the constructs. Due to an excellent response, 5477 usable responses were obtained, so the adapted research model could be tested by means of a Structural Equation Model (SEM) using the partial least squares algorithm on SmartPLS4. The findings suggest significant correlations between the constructs and suggest that participants that have reported high levels of trust in authoritative sources are less likely to share information due to their increased behaviours to verify information. © 2023 IEEE.

The effect of consumer lockdown on the relationship between environmental beliefs and pro-environmental behaviors

This study investigates the disruptive effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on the relationship between environmental beliefs and pro-environmental behaviors. We used a survey conducted in the four major cities of Colombia before COVID-19 arrived in December 2019 and then repeated it in October 2020, after most of the major restrictions on mobility and economic activity had been lifted. The survey captured ecocentric and anthropocentric beliefs using the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) and Pro Environmental Behaviors (PEBS) using 18 questions about energy and water savings, recycling, and sustainable purchasing. In the 2020 survey, we included a measure of the severity of the individual's experience of disruption, including economic, family, and health-related aspects. Controlling for demographic variables, we analyzed (1) descriptive changes in NEP and PEBS, (2) the moderating effect of the disruption on the effect of NEP on PEBS, (3) the direct effect of disruption severity on PEBS, and (4) the moderating effect of severity on the effect of NEP on PEBS in 2020. We found that disruption caused by the lockdown crisis decreased anthropocentric beliefs and slightly increased ecocentric beliefs. This disruption also modified the effects of NEP on PEBS, thereby ameliorating the capacity of NEP to activate PEBS. The severity of experience moderated most of these effects. We discuss the implications of our results for the theory of environmental beliefs and pro-environmental behaviors and offer recommendations to reverse the potential negative effect of the COVID-19 crisis on the promotion of sustainable consumption.

Social Cognition Approaches to Understanding and Changing COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors

Until pharmacological measures are rolled out on a global scale, reducing the transmission of COVID-19 and preventing future outbreaks require the continued promotion of behaviors known to effectively limit the spread of infections (e.g., physical distancing, hand hygiene practices). The success of such behavioral measures, however, relies on widespread compliance, highlighting the importance of theory-and evidence-based behavior change interventions targeting COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Theories of social cognition have recently been applied to COVID-19 preventive behaviors to identify the key modifiable determinants of behavior that can be targeted by strategies or techniques in interventions. The identification of key modifiable determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviors permits the matching of evidence-based behavior change strategies or techniques proposed to affect change in the targeted determinants. The goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of the social cognition literature and interventions targeting key psychological constructs as means to adopt and maintain COVID-19 preventive behaviors. The chapter also provides example materials used in behavior change interventions based on social cognition theory, which may have application across a broad range of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. First, the chapter provides an overview of social cognition theories that have been used to explain and predict health and social behavior and how behavior change occurs. Next, the emerging research evidence of potentially modifiable social cognition determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviors are reviewed. Finally, a step-by-step example of how interventionists might develop a theory-based intervention targeting change in an important COVID-19 preventive behavior is provided. The chapter concludes with a summary of some key challenges and future directions in moving forward behavior change research in this area. Overall, this chapter provides information useful to the design and development of effective behavior change interventions targeting the adoption and maintenance of COVID-19 preventive behaviors which are relevant to current and future pandemic contexts. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

Team Success: A Mixed Methods Approach to Evaluating Virtual Team Leadership Behaviors

The virtuality of organizational teams have gained interest and popularity in recent years, and have become more prevalent amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Organizational productivity and team relationship-building may suffer certain pitfalls in virtual communication and support without the understanding of the dynamics of short-term, project-based virtual teams. The manuscript aimed to expand what is currently known about short-term virtual team dynamics related to types of effective leadership behaviors. The present study employed a mixed method approach to understanding the dynamics of these teams at both the individual and team level. Small teams were formed and instructed to collaborate on a virtual survival task. Team-related outcomes were measured at the individual level, such as team coordination, team support, and team success. Additionally, distinct latent profiles of leadership behaviors were developed and analyzed at the team level. Team support, more so than team coordination, significantly predicted team success at the individual level, with instrumental support having the strongest effect. Distinct leadership behaviors emerged in teams and were classified through a latent profile analysis, but none of the profiles were significantly related to team performance scores. Demonstrating instrumental support in short-term virtual teams may improve team success. It is important to understand that distinct leadership behaviors exist and future research should explore the impact of these leadership behaviors on other team-related outcomes. © 2023 by the authors.

Health beliefs and compliance to health behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey among Indian adults

In the current chapter, we have detailed the course and results of our research to evaluate the five constructs of Health Behaviour Model (HBM) as well as the degree of compliance to preventive measures to contain the spread of COVID-19 among the Indian citizens. Additionally, we also examined the degree of association of the HBM constructs with the compliance. Finally, we investigated whether these constructs differed across various socio-demographic group. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Nurses' experiences caring for patients with opioid use disorders

The purpose of this study was to examine nurses' experience of quality care for hospitalized patients with a history of opioid use disorder or self-injection of opioids and whether hospital, unit, or nurse characteristics impacted experiences of quality care. A secondary aim of the study was to understand how nurses' experiences of quality care for this population have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Institute of Medicine's Six Domains of Health Care Quality were used to define quality care in this study. A national sample of 179 nurses completed an online survey regarding their experiences caring for patients with opioid use disorders. The majority of the participants were staff nurses who worked in emergency departments, critical care units, or mother baby units. Only 41.9% of the participants had received education regarding substance use disorders from their employers, and even less had participated in harm reduction education. Only 45% of the nurses had knowledge regarding harm reduction strategies for this population. The participants experienced a low number of restrictive safety measures and an average number of adverse events and effective care interventions when caring for patients with opioid use disorders. The nurses rated quality care and satisfaction as average. Correlation and linear regression analysis suggested trends in nurse, hospital and unit characteristics that are associated with nurses' experiences caring for this population;substance use disorder education, harm reduction education, and unit type were most often associated with nurses' experiences. Content analysis of open-ended questions regarding equity, patient-centeredness, timeliness and the impact of COVID-19 on experiences of quality care supported quantitative findings in the study and provided insight into the nurses' experiences. The findings in this study contribute to current evidence regarding the need for standardized hospital policies and practices aimed at improving quality care for patients with opioid use disorders. These policies and practices should incorporate harm reduction strategies that are patient-centered and evidence-based. Hospitals and nursing schools should provide education aimed at reducing stigma and improving care for this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

What can I be when I grow up? Parental support and career exploration among teenagers: The moderating role of dispositional optimism

The present study aimed to broaden the knowledge about the personal and parental factors associated with teenagers' efforts to actively engage in the developmental task of vocational preparation. We investigated the associations between parental career-related behaviors (i.e., parental support, interference, and lack of engagement), adolescents' career exploration, and the moderating role of dispositional optimism. Our sample was formed by 441 Romanian teenagers (58 % males, M = 14.17, SD = 1.05). The results suggested that ado-lescents experiencing a low level of parental support reported a low level of career exploration, regardless of the level of dispositional optimism. Conversely, when the level of parental support was high, participants reported a higher level of career exploration when they also reported a high level of dispositional optimism. We discuss the importance of examining individual characteristics in conjunction with ecological factors related to adolescents' environments when understanding career exploration.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cultural Products Interests

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on human behaviors and how it influenced peoples' interests in cultural products is an unsolved problem. While prior studies mostly adopt subjective surveys to find an answer, these methods are always suffering from high cost, limited size, and subjective bias. Inspired by the rich user-oriented data over the Internet, this work explores the possibility to leverage users' search logs to reflect humans' underlying cultural product interests. To further examine how the COVID-19 mobility policy might influence cultural interest changes, we propose a new regression discontinuity design that has the additional potential to predict the recovery phase of peoples' cultural product interests. By analyzing the 1592 search interest time series in 6 countries, we found different patterns of change in interest in movies, music, and art during the COVID-19 pandemic, but a clear overall incremental increase. Across the six countries we studied, we found that changes in interest in cultural products were found to be strongly correlated with mobility and that as mobility declined, interest in movies, music, and art increased by an average of 35, 27 and 20, respectively, with these changes lasting at least eight weeks. © 2023 ACM.

Novice nurses knowledge and skill performance in high crisis situations during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic caused over 38,900 deaths in the state of Ohio with a cumulative hospitalization (March 2020-July 2022) of approximately 119,500. The pandemic propelled novice nurses to quickly demonstrate knowledge and skills of high crisis patient care, such as Advance Life Support (ALS) events. This forced organizations to rapidly deploy educational interventions to support the novice nurse's delivery of high-quality emergent patient care delivery. The literature supports simulation to improve the novice nurses' self-confidence yet, the literature remains unclear regarding how simulation enhances knowledge and skill performance, especially during a pandemic. Methods: Using an experimental randomized controlled, longitudinal, pre-test, post-test design, this study examined the effects of adding an on-line Advance Life Support (ALS) patient scenario module to the current ALS program when exploring participant training experience, knowledge, and skill of the required ALS concepts (initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ECG rhythm recognition, pharmacology, and team communication) during high crisis patient care situations. A convenience sample (N=27) of novice nurses who are employed at a Mid-Western health system were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. Both groups completed a demographic questionnaire followed by participation in a video-taped, ALS high fidelity simulation and debrief for evaluation of baseline knowledge and skill performance at baseline and at three months. Between the simulations (1 month) the intervention group received the same written clinical update as the control group, plus an independent on-line patient scenario of ALS concepts. Qualitative descriptors of the novice nurse's experience of participating in high crisis simulations were explored. Results: Nine participants completed this study. Quantitative descriptive statistics for trends noted, at baseline, both the control and intervention groups scored low (Control 25% n=4;Intervention 67% n=5) for the skills of "Initiating high quality CPR).". Post intervention, the control group missed CPR resuming in less than 10 seconds after defibrillating at 150-200 joules. When assessing the participants practice areas the control group had 3 of the 4 participants in the ICU and 1 in the Progressive Care units. This missed skill item could be contributed to the oversaturation of codes, coupled with the mental exhaustion form the pandemic, could lead to missed care even during practiced repetitive skills. Quantitative data trends for knowledge and skill coupled with the participant attrition rate of 67% (n=18) led to the exploration of the experience of novice nurses participating in ALS cardiac arrest training during a pandemic. Three qualitative descriptors emerged by examining the transcripts from the simulation debriefs for all simulations: team collaboration, mental distress, and increased confidence to incorporate new skills. Conclusions: On-line independent patient scenarios provided reinforcement of ALS knowledge and skill concepts. Critical knowledge and skill team communication principles may not be reinforced when providing patient care. Simulation debriefs allow the novice nurses to apply fundamental concepts in a safe learning environment. Novice nurses need scaffolding of knowledge to grow and maintain their knowledge, skill, and confidence. Future education experiences should be designed to allow for frequent dosing of simulations with structured debriefs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Analysis and Prediction of Student Performance Based on Moodle Log Data using Machine Learning Techniques

During the COVID-19 Pandemic, many universities in Thailand were mostly locked down and classrooms were also transformed into a fully online format. It was challenging for teachers to manage online learning and especially to track student behavior since the teacher could not observe and notify students. To alleviate this problem, one solution that has become increasingly important is the prediction of student performance based on their log data. This study, therefore, aims to analyze student behavior data by applying Predictive Analytics through Moodle Log for approximately 54,803 events. Six Machine Learning Classifiers (Neural Network, Random Forest, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Linear Regression, and Support Vector Machine) were applied to predict student performance. Further, we attained a comparison of the effectiveness of early prediction for four stages at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the course. The prediction models could guide future studies, motivate self-preparation and reduce dropout rates. In the experiment, the model with 5-fold cross-validation was evaluated. Results indicated that the Decision Tree performed best at 81.10% upon course completion. Meanwhile, the SVM had the best result at 86.90% at the first stage, at 25% of the course, and Linear Regression performed with the best efficiency at the middle stages at 70.80%, and 80.20% respectively. The results could be applied to other courses and on a larger e-learning systems log that has similar student activity conditions and this could contribute to more accurate student performance prediction © 2023, International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning.All Rights Reserved.

Explanation of Factors Affecting Self-care and Diabetes Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction: Adopting diabetes self-care behaviors to control blood glucose is essential, but adherence to them has been challenged due to restrictions related to Covid-19. These restrictions have negatively impacted the psychosocial condition of individuals with diabetes, which could lead to poor self-care. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore the experiences of individuals with type 2 diabetes regarding self-care behaviors and diabetes management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material(s) and Method(s): This qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis, the data of which were collected through interviews with people over 18 years of age with type 2 diabetes who were selected from the Endocrinology Clinic of Erfan Hospital in Tehran. Using telephone and WhatsApp, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants (15 women). Content analysis was done using the constant comparative method, and the open and axial coding method was applied. The data were manually coded, and the main themes and categories emerged from data. Result(s): Two main themes emerged from the data: 1) challenges and limitations toward diabetes self-care and 2) facilitators of efficient self-care. Challenges and limitations included 4 sub-themes: Inevitable lifestyle changes, psychosocial problems, limited/lack of access to health care services and medication, and adverse physical effects. Facilitators had 2 sub-themes: improved individual capability and maintaining social interaction. Conclusion(s): Our findings indicated that inevitable lifestyle changes, limited access to health care, and adverse psychosocial consequences were the most critical challenges for diabetes management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Improving stress management skills and effective coping strategies can facilitate the adoption of self-care behaviors.Copyright © 2022, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences. All rights reserved.

COVID-19, Health Habits, and Addictive Behaviors in the General Population

The lockdown due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a significant impact on daily routines and habits. New lifestyle behaviors contributed to the onset and course of mental diseases, including addictive problems. The objective of this work was to describe changes in health status during lockdown in the general population, including potentially addictive behaviors, and explore possible contributing factors. The analyzed data comprised a population-based sample of 240 individuals (73.3% women, mean age 43.8 years old). Assessments included sociodemographics and self-reports for health state and addictive behaviors. The risk of perceived worsening physical and psychological state was 21.7% and 20.0%, respectively, after the lockdown. The risk of requiring a new treatment for physical and psychological illnesses was 10.4% and 4.2%, respectively, while 2.5% of the participants started using illegal drugs and 9% initiated video game use. Finally, the statistical predictors of health worsening during the lockdown were the presence of anxiety symptoms, being unmarried, having low education levels, experiencing fears related to COVID-19 infection, and having family conflicts. This research identified vulnerability factors contributing to changes in physic and mental health, as well as those associated with addictive behaviors during lockdown. These results should be considered in further stressful situations to design personalized preventive and therapeutic plans. © Author(s).

Does partisan media make a pawn of mistrust? Institutional trust and preventive covid-19 health behaviors in a polarized pandemic

In a rapidly developing crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, people are often faced with contradictory or changing information and must determine what sources to trust. Across five time points (N = 5902) we examine how trust in various sources predicts COVID-19 health behaviors. Trust in experts and national news predicted more engagement with most health behaviors from April 2020 to March 2022 and trust in Fox news, which often positioned itself as counter to the mainstream on COVID-19, predicted less engagement. However, we also examined a particular public health behavior (masking) before and after the CDC announcement recommending masks on 3 April 2020 (which reversed earlier expert advice discouraging masks for the general public). Prior to the announcement, trust in experts predicted less mask-wearing while trust in Fox News predicted more. These relationships disappeared in the next 4 days following the announcement and reversed in the 2 years that follow, and emerged for vaccination in the later time points. We also examine how the media trusted by Democrats and Republicans predicts trust in experts and in turn health behaviors. Broadly we consider how the increasingly fragmented epistemic environment has implications for polarization on matters of public health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Effect of Elevator Design on the Risk Associated with COVID Transmission – A Comparative Study between a Sliding Door and a Collapsible Gate Elevator

The ominous spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is attributed to the droplets respired during coughing, sneezing or speaking. These droplets undergo evaporation to become aerosols, which, along with the larger droplets, are believed to ultimately spread the virus. In this current work, a small, enclosed region like an elevator (containing a COVID infected passenger) is considered where the risk of infection is high as the commonly practiced norm of social distancing is not possible. Numerical simulations are performed using OpenFOAM. Two different types of elevators – one equipped with a sliding door and the other with a collapsible gate, are considered and the change in droplet behavior is examined. Certain parameters pertaining to the risk of virus transmission have been quantified and assessed thoroughly, such as the percentage of droplets floating in the height range from a person's waist height to his mouth height, the radial span of the floating droplets from the infected passenger's mouth. From these parameters, the safety measures to be adopted by other copassengers can be determined. After an extensive study, it has been found that the collapsible gate elevator is safer than the sliding door elevator along with added advantages in the context of disease transmission. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Inertia in cognitive processes: the case of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Developments in factor analysis (Spearman in Am J Psychol 15:201-292, 1904); Thurstone in Multiple factor analysis, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1947), multidimensional scaling (Torgerson in Theory and methods of scaling, Wiley Hoboken, New Jersey, 1958; Young and Householder in Psychometrika, 3:19-22, 1938), the Galileo model (Woelfel and Fink in The measurement of communication processes: galileo theory and method, Academic Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1980), and, more recently, in computer science, artificial intelligence, computational linguistics, network analysis and other disciplines (Woelfel in Qual Quant 54:263-278, 2020) have shown that human cognitive and cultural beliefs and attitudes can be modeled as movement through a high-dimensional non-Euclidean space. This article demonstrates the theoretical and methodological contribution that multidimensional scaling makes to understand attitude change associated with the COVID-19 vaccine.

Relationship between Value-Based Behaviors and Scheduled Activities of University Students before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Model.

University students are in a phase during which they have various experiences typical in the academic environment and face situations that require adaptability and influence value formation. In the abnormal situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, university students' life rhythms, academic, interpersonal, and financial situations have changed drastically. In those situational cues, the value-based behavior of university students may have changed. Values provide purpose and direction for each action. Furthermore, values are situational goals that lead to specific real-time behavior. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether there is a two-way influencing relationship between value-based behavior and scheduled activities of university students at two points in time (before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic). 417 university students answered a questionnaire at Times 1 and 2 (with a 1-year interval). We examined the relationship between value-based behavior and scheduled activities using a longitudinal cross-lagged model analysis. The findings of this study indicate that promoting value-based behaviors is positively associated with the frequency of value-based behaviors and scheduled activities even during anomalies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Even in anomalous situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing value-based behaviors such as behavioral activation can improve the lives of university students. Future intervention studies should show whether behavioral activation is effective in decreasing depressive symptoms among university students even in abnormal situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cognitive predictors of COVID-19 mitigation behaviors in vaccinated and unvaccinated general population members.

BACKGROUND: Given the long-term threat posed by COVID-19, predictors of mitigation behaviors are critical to identify. Prior studies have found that cognitive factors are associated with some COVID-19 mitigation behaviors, but few studies employ representative samples and no prior studies have examined cognitive predictors of vaccination status. The purpose of the present study was to examine associations between cognitive variables (executive function, delay discounting, and future orientation) and COVID-19 mitigation behaviors (mask wearing, social distancing, hand hygiene and vaccination) in a population representative sample. METHODS: A population representative sample of 2,002 adults completed validated measures of delay discounting, future orientation, and executive function. Participants also reported frequency of mitigation behaviors, vaccination status, and demographics. RESULTS: Future orientation was associated with more mask wearing (ß = 0.160, 95 % CI [0.090, 0.220], p < 0.001), social distancing (ß = 0.150, 95 % CI [0.070, 0.240], p < 0.001), hand hygiene behaviors (ß = 0.090, 95 % CI [0.000, 0.190], p = 0.054), and a higher likelihood of being fully vaccinated (OR = 0.80, 95 % CI [0.670, 0.970], p = 0.020). Lower delay discounting predicted more consistent mask wearing (ß = -0.060, 95 % CI[-0.120, -0.010], p = 0.032) and being fully vaccinated (OR = 1.28, 95 % CI [1.13, 1.44], p < 0.001), while more symptoms of executive dysfunction predicted less mask wearing (ß = -0.240, 95 % CI [-0.320, -0.150] p < 0.001) and hand hygiene (ß = -0.220, 95 % CI [-0.320, -0.130], p < 0.001), but not vaccination status (OR = 0.96, 95 % CI [0.80, 1.16], p = 0.690) or social distancing behaviors (ß = -0.080, 95 % CI [-0.180, 0.020], p = 0.097). Overall, social distancing was the least well-predicted outcome from cognitive factors, while mask wearing was most well-predicted. Vaccination status was not a significant moderator of these effects of cognitive predictors on mitigation behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive variables predict significant variability in mitigation behaviors. regardless of vaccination status. In particular, thinking about the future and discounting it less may encourage more consistent implementation of mitigating behaviors.

Sociodemographic Variation in Children's Health Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Societal changes during the COVID-19 pandemic may affect children's health behaviors and exacerbate disparities. This study aimed to describe children's health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, how they vary by sociodemographic characteristics, and the extent to which parent coping strategies mitigate the impact of pandemic-related financial strain on these behaviors. Methods: This study used pooled data from 50 cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program. Children or parent proxies reported sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and parent coping strategies. Results: Of 3315 children aged 3-17 years, 49% were female and 57% were non-Hispanic white. Children of parents who reported food access as a source of stress were 35% less likely to engage in a higher level of physical activity. Children of parents who changed their work schedule to care for their children had 82 fewer min/day of screen time and 13 more min/day of sleep compared with children of parents who maintained their schedule. Parents changing their work schedule were also associated with a 31% lower odds of the child consuming sugar-sweetened beverages. Conclusions: Parents experiencing pandemic-related financial strain may need additional support to promote healthy behaviors. Understanding how changes in parent work schedules support shorter screen time and longer sleep duration can inform future interventions.

The prospective relations of substance use frequency to social distancing behaviors and intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of social distancing self-efficacy.

To identify factors that increase risk for nonadherence to recommended health protective behaviors during pandemics, this study examined the prospective relations of substance use frequency to both adherence to social distancing recommendations and social distancing intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the role of social distancing self-efficacy in these relations. A U.S. community sample of 377 adults completed a prospective online study, including an initial assessment between March 27 and April 5, 2020, and a follow-up assessment one-month later. Results revealed a significant direct relation of baseline substance use frequency to lower adherence to social distancing recommendations one-month later. Results also revealed significant indirect relations of greater substance use frequency to lower levels of both social distancing behaviors and intentions one-month later through lower social distancing self-efficacy. Results highlight the relevance of substance use and social distancing self-efficacy to lower adherence to social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic.